It is a mutual interaction of each other. Young, “interview may be regarded as a systematic method by which a person enters more or less imaginatively into the life of a comparative stranger”. Interview is not a simple two-way conversation between an interrogator and informant. But usually the interviewer initiates the interview and collects the information from the interviewee. Often the interviewee may also ask certain questions and the interviewer responds to these. However, it does not mean that all the time it is the interviewer who asks the questions. The interviewee responds to these and the interviewer collects various information from these responses through a very healthy and friendly social interaction. It is simply stated as a social process in which a person known as the interviewer asks questions usually in a face to face contact to the other person or persons known as interviewee or interviewees. Allport in his classic statement sums this up beautifully by saying that “if you want to know how people feel, what they experience and what they remember, what their emotions and motives are like and the reasons for acting as they do, why not ask them”. In this method a researcher or an interviewer can interact with his respondents and know their inner feelings and reactions. The interview method as a verbal method is quite significant in securing data about all these aspects. So these are understandably not so effective in giving information about person’s past and private behaviour, future actions, attitudes, perceptions, faiths, beliefs thought processes, motivations etc. The observational methods, as we know, are restricted mostly to non-verbal acts. Interview is relatively more flexible tool than any written inquiry form and permits explanation, adjustment and variation according to the situation. The dynamics of interviewing, however, involves much more than an oral questionnaire. Instead of writing the response, the interviewee or subject gives the needed information verbally in a face-to-face relationship. The interview is, in a sense, an oral questionnaire. Interview as a technique of data collection is very popular and extensively used in every field of social research. Secondly, various facts are watched accurately, carefully and recorded by the observer. This definition focuses on two important points:įirstly, in observation the observer wants to explore the cause-effect relationships between facts of a phenomenon. It is a planned, purposive, systematic and deliberate effort to focus on the significant facts of a situation.Īccording to Oxford Concise Dictionary, “Observation means accurate watching, knowing of phenomena as they occur in nature with regard to cause and effect or mutual relations”. So it is clearly visible that observation is not simply a random perceiving, but a close look at crucial facts. Its objective is to discover important mutual relations between spontaneously occurring events and explore the crucial facts of an event or a situation. The purpose of observation is to perceive the nature and extent of significant interrelated elements within complex social phenomena, culture patterns or human conduct”.įrom this definition it is clearly understood that observation is a systematic viewing with the help of the eye. Young, “Observation is a systematic and deliberate study through eye, of spontaneous occurrences at the time they occur. It is a method of research which deals with the external behaviour of persons in appropriate situations.Īccording to P.V. It is used to evaluate the overt behaviour of individuals in controlled or uncontrolled situation. Observation is the process in which one or more persons observe what is occurring in some real life situation and they classify and record pertinent happenings according to some planned schemes. Observation seeks to ascertain what people think and do by watching them in action as they express themselves in various situations and activities. The responses in interview are revealed by what people express in conversation with the interviewer. Analysis of questionnaire responses is concerned with what people think and do as revealed by what they put on paper. It is the most significant and common technique of data collection. Observation method has occupied an important place in descriptive sociological research. Some of the popular methods of data collection are as follows: 1.
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